Osteoarthritis (OA) goes by many different names. It may be referred to as degenerative joint disease, degenerative arthritis, or wear and tear arthritis. As the name implies, OA occurs over time. In our youth, cartilage is firm and resilient, allowing joints to move with ease and providing cushion. As this cartilage breaks down with age, pain, swelling, and stiffness of the joints results. This occurs most commonly in frequently-used joints such as the knees, hips, back, neck, fingers, and toes.
In addition to age, there are other factors which may lead to the degeneration of cartilage. Certain genetic defects may impede the production of collagen, a vital component in healthy cartilage, or cause a misalignment of bones, leading to earlier wear and tear. Being overweight, having injuries to the joints, or repetitive overuse can also contribute to the development of OA. Athletes and those whose careers involve repeated motion or excessive amounts of time spent standing are particular susceptible.
OA often presents with common arthritis symptoms such as pain and stiffness that builds gradually over time. In many cases, these symptoms are felt most intensely first thing in the morning, but they may also be worse following periods of physical activity. Additionally, patients may also complain of clicking from the joint, swelling, tenderness and redness, or scraping sensations with movement.
Unfortunately, there is no known cure for OA. However, there are treatment methods available to relieve symptoms and minimize its impact. Overall, the goal is to minimize pain, swelling, and other related symptoms while also retaining and improving joint mobility. For many patients, this can be accomplished through combinations of the following:
If you are suffering from symptoms of arthritis, it is important to see your physician earlier rather than later. The sooner you are able to reach a diagnosis, the better equipped you will be to address your condition. Together with your doctor, you can determine which treatments and therapies work best for you, and combine them in a way that maximizes your comfort level and eases the progression of the disease.